Conveners
2. Avalanche-based Sensors: Wed-1
- XIONGBO YAN (Institute of High Energy Physics)
2. Avalanche-based Sensors: Wed-2
- Maurizio Boscardin (Fondazione Bruno Kessler)
2. Avalanche-based Sensors: Wed-3
- Shigeki Hirose (Univ. of Tsukuba)
In the dynamic realm of silicon detector advancements, the pursuit of consistently improved timing precision has witnessed remarkable progress. However, the ambitious requirements of next-generation experiments, along with the broader impact on various future scenarios, such as, for example, the FCC-ee, have motivated substantial and dedicated R&D to unlock their full potential. In the context...
The wide bandgap 4H-SiC semiconductor material exhibits several intrinsic properties - namely, excellent radiation hardness, thermal stability, and high breakdown voltage - that make it a promising candidate for deployment in high-radiation environments. Recent advances in its industrial-scale production have further enhanced its attractiveness for high-energy physics applications.
This...
Resistive Silicon Detectors (RSDs) are a recent innovation in the field of silicon sensors for 4D-tracking applications. The RSD design combines the LGAD technology with resistive read-out, yielding fast and large signals which are shared between multiple read-out pads. Thanks to their characteristics, RSDs can accurately reconstruct the hit position of an ionizing particle, achieving a...
While the acceptor removal mechanism in standard n-in-p Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) is well understood and recognised as a key factor limiting their operational lifespan, the emergence of next-generation LGADs, such as resistive (RSDs) and compensated LGADs, calls for a deeper investigation into the donor removal mechanism, particularly at high initial donor concentrations (ND...
LGADs are well known for their excellent temporal resolution, a feature often attributed solely to internal charge multiplication. However, if gain were the only contributing factor, LGADs would exhibit significantly worse timing performance than what is experimentally observed.
In reality, three additional effects—non-uniform ionization, space charge, and gain saturation—play a fundamental...
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) have been proven to be promising candidates for future high-energy physics (HEP) detectors, with their scheduled implementation in the HL-LHC timing layers of the CMS and ATLAS experiments. They feature a highly doped gain layer which creates a high electric field region, leading to amplification of the primary signal charge and therefore offering both...
In recent years, development of pixel detectors has evolved from only improving the spatial resolution to also improving the temporal resolution.
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The Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a semiconductor detector capable of achieving excellent timing resolution (~20 ps) for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). To realize a pixelated detector with both high timing precision and spatial resolution, we have been developing Capacitive-Coupled LGADs (ACLGADs) for future collider experiments, such as the latter phase of the High-Luminosity LHC. We...
During the High Luminosity phase of LHC, up to 140 - 200 proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing will bring severe challenges for event reconstruction. To mitigate pileup effects, an extended upgrade program of the CMS experiment is expected. Among these, a new timing layer, the MIP Timing Detector (MTD), will be integrated between the tracker and the calorimeters. With a time resolution...
AC-LGADs (AC-coupled Low Gain Avalanche Detectors) have emerged as promising candidates for future 4D tracking systems, garnering significant attention from various research institutes. Studies on IHEP’s AC-LGADs, utilizing 50-µm-thick strip sensors, have demonstrated impressive timing resolution of approximately 40 ps and spatial resolution of around 10 µm. However, centimeter-scale strip...
Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are typically fabricated on p-type substrates, following an n–p$^+$–p junction configuration, where a boron-enriched layer forms the gain region.
This architecture is considered optimal for timing and particle-tracking applications, as the primary charge carriers initiating the avalanche process are electrons, which have a higher drift velocity and ionization...
The ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) is a new detector subsystem that will instrument the ATLAS experiment for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase in order to preserve the experiment reconstruction performance (and hence its physics potential) under the very high pileup (200 simultaneous proton-proton collisions at every 25ns) arising from the $7.5 \times 10^{34}...
