The study of Deeply Virtual Exclusive Processes (DVEP) provides crucial insights into the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon by probing Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). These GPDs offer a comprehensive description of the spatial distribution of quarks and gluons within the nucleon and their contributions to its overall properties, including spin and mass. Key reactions, such as...
In this talk, we discuss the properties of the gravitational form factors (GFFs), obtained from the second Mellin moment of the pion and kaon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) within the framework of the nonlocal chiral quark model. Our results demonstrate that explicit chiral symmetry breaking significantly influences quark GPDs in kaon at large skewness, leading to substantial...
We discuss the simultaneous measurements of jet electric charge of the jet region as defined in the one-jettiness of DIS events. On one hand, the jet charge allows for enhanced flavor separation of collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs) or helicity PDFs. On the other hand, the jet charge distributions as constrained by one-jettiness values probe flavor dynamics in the hadronization...
Lattice QCD is advancing our understanding of nucleon structure across a wide range of observables, tied together by a common goal: resolving how momentum and forces are distributed among quarks and gluons. I will begin with recent high-precision determinations of the isovector axial, scalar, and tensor charges, where a comprehensive treatment of systematic uncertainties is enabling meaningful...
The partonic structure of the pion remains poorly understood due to the lack of direct pion targets. Current global fits of the pion parton distribution functions (PDFs) rely primarily on decades-old fixed-target Drell-Yan experiments (NA10 and E615), which are mostly sensitive to valence quarks. The CERN COMPASS experiment has provided new data by measuring Drell-Yan production using a...
In this talk, we will briefly review recent experimental and theoretical progress on the pion and kaon PDFs. Furthermore, we will provide quantitative evidence within the CEM and NRQCD frameworks that the existing pion-induced fixed-target J/psi and psi (2S) data are sensitive to the gluon density of pions and favor the pion PDFs with relatively large gluon contents at large x. The recent work...
Pions and kaons are, along with protons and neutrons, the main building blocks of nuclear matter. They are connected to the Goldstone modes of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, the mechanism thought to generate nearly all hadron mass in the visible universe. The distribution of the fundamental constituents, the quarks and gluons, is expected to be different in pions, kaons, and nucleons....
Recent advances in lattice QCD (LQCD), particularly large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) and related approaches, have enabled direct access to the Bjorken-$x$ dependence of hadron structure, going beyond LQCD's previous limitation to a few moments of distributions. These techniques open the door to first-principles calculations of parton distribution functions (PDFs) across a wide kinematic...
The Compton amplitude offers a unifying lens through which to explore the structure of hadrons, connecting deep-inelastic phenomena with low-energy sum rules and nonperturbative dynamics. In this talk, I will present a series of lattice QCD investigations that leverage the Feynman-Hellmann relation to access this amplitude directly, enabling a systematic study of structure function moments,...
The kaon light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) is a crucial quantity in understanding the structure of hadrons. In this work, we use lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD), a powerful tool for calculating non-perturbative quantities. Since LQCD calculations are performed in Euclidean space, we apply the heavy-quark operator product expansion (HOPE) to connect light-cone parton dynamics with...
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) aims to explore the mysterious internal structure of protons by precisely probing their quark and gluon constituents through experiments. But observing these particles is just the first step—truly understanding them requires detailed insights from the theory known as Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which governs the behavior of these tiny building blocks. Lattice...
The EIC will measure the structure of hadrons at a new level of precision, requiring the support of a robust theoretical description. Universal properties of nuclei can be described by Parton distribution functions (PDFs). They provide insights into the non-perturbative internal structure of bound states. Calculating PDFs from first principles involves evaluating matrix elements with a Wilson...
In this talk, I'll address the major challenges in determining the proton's longitudinal unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs), vital for Standard Model precision tests and New Physics exploration. Limitations stem from perturbative and nonperturbative QCD interactions, along with data analysis and statistical uncertainties.
Insights from LHC data inform future EIC PDF research....
